Slow aggregations with date_histogram

Versions OpenSearch 2.19.4

Describe the issue: I have been digging down into trying to optimize our search indexing and speed up access in OpenSearch Dashboard. After finding some other issues the searches are now much faster, but one things that remains is the date_histogram performance.

Currently a simple query selecting the first 10 documents and performing a date_histogram like the one in OpenSearch Dashboards take 1600ms to perform on an 9GB index with ~50M, the same query without the aggregation is <100ms. This isn’t terrible, but according to this https://opensearch.org/blog/opensearch-performance-2.17/ they are able to perform Date histogram aggregations in ~150ms with a 24GB index and 100M documents… so I am seeing 10x slower performance with half the dataset.. That is also with older / smaller instances than I run these tests on (m7a / 32GB RAM with 8GB heap).

Is there anything I’m missing that could explain the large difference between the benchmark and my results?

Relevant Logs or Screenshots:

Query
{
  "sort": [
    {
      "time": {
        "order": "desc",
        "numeric_type": "date_nanos",
        "unmapped_type": "boolean"
      }
    }
  ],
  "size": 10,
  "version": true,
  "aggs": {
    "2": {
      "date_histogram": {
        "field": "time",
        "interval": "3h",
        "time_zone": "Europe/Stockholm", 
        "min_doc_count": 1
      }
    }
  },
  "stored_fields": [
    "*"
  ],
  "script_fields": {},
  "docvalue_fields": [
    {
      "field": "time",
      "format": "strict_date_time"
    }
  ],
  "_source": {
    "excludes": []
  },
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [],
      "filter": [
        {
          "match_all": {}
        },
        {
          "range": {
            "time": {
              "gte": "2026-01-18T11:00:00.000Z",
              "lte": "2026-01-21T15:09:00.000Z"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "should": [],
      "must_not": []
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "pre_tags": [
      "@opensearch-dashboards-highlighted-field@"
    ],
    "post_tags": [
      "@/opensearch-dashboards-highlighted-field@"
    ],
    "fields": {
      "*": {}
    },
    "fragment_size": 2147483647
  }
}
Search result with profiling
{
  "took": 6889,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 10000,
      "relation": "gte"
    },
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
       ...
    ]
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "2": {
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        {
          "key_as_string": "2026-01-17T00:00:00.000+01:00",
          "key": 1768604400000,
          "doc_count": 165265
        },
        {
          "key_as_string": "2026-01-17T03:00:00.000+01:00",
          "key": 1768615200000,
          "doc_count": 203854
        },
        {
          "key_as_string": "2026-01-17T06:00:00.000+01:00",
          "key": 1768626000000,
          "doc_count": 201415
        },
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          "key_as_string": "2026-01-17T09:00:00.000+01:00",
          "key": 1768636800000,
          "doc_count": 314319
        },
        {
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          "key": 1768647600000,
          "doc_count": 203160
        },
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